Essential Grammar in Use - Unit 81 - all most some any no/none: Lý Thuyết

Khi nói về danh từ nói chung (general), ta dùng danh từ không có mạo từ:

• Children like playing. (trẻ em nói chung)
• Money isn't everything. (tiền bạc nói chung)
• I enjoy reading books. (sách nói chung)

Khi nói về danh từ cụ thể, xác định, ta dùng the/this/my etc.:

• Where are the children? (những đứa trẻ của chúng ta)
• I don't have the money. (số tiền cụ thể cho việc gì đó)
• Have you read these books? (những cuốn sách này)

Khi nói về danh từ nói chung, ta dùng cấu trúc:

all/most/some/any/no + danh từ (không có "of")

• Most children like playing.
• Some books are better than others.
• All cities have the same problems.
• He has no friends.
• I don't want any money.

Khi nói về danh từ cụ thể, xác định, ta dùng cấu trúc:

all/most/some/any/none + of + the/this/my...

• Most of the children at this school are under 11 years old.
• I don't want any of this money.
• Some of these books are very old.
• None of my friends live near me.

Trường hợp đặc biệt với "all":

Với "all", ta có thể dùng "of" hoặc không:

• All the students passed the exam. = All of the students passed the exam.
• Amy has lived in London all her life. = all of her life.

Khi theo sau là đại từ (it/them/us/you), ta luôn dùng "of":

all/most/some/any/none + of + it/them/us/you

• You can have some of this cake, but not all of it.
• Do you know those people? — Most of them, but not all of them.
• Some of us are going out tonight.
• I have a lot of books, but I haven't read any of them.
• How many of these books have you read? — None of them.